Royal Dutch Shell plc LSE: RDSARDSBcommonly known as Shellis a British—Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom. Shell is vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and productionrefiningdistribution and marketingpetrochemicalspower generation and trading.

It also has renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels [5] and wind.

Shell was formed in through the amalgamation of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company of the United Kingdom. Until its unification in the firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the British and Dutch companies maintained their legal existence but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes.

Shell first entered the chemicals industry in In Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in and now forms part of BHP Billiton. In recent decades gas exploration and production has become an increasingly important part of Shell's business. Shell has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE Index.

As of JanuaryShell's largest shareholder was Capital Research Global Investors with 9. The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in February through the amalgamation of two rival companies: The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company the quotation marks were part of the legal name was a British company, founded in by Marcus Samuel1st Viscount Bearsted, and his brother Samuel Samuel.

For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed companywhereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British. National patriotic sensibilities would not permit a full-scale merger or takeover of either of the two companies. During the First World War, Shell was the main supplier of fuel to the British Expeditionary Force.

InShell took control of the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company and in formed Shell-Mex Limited which marketed products under the "Shell" and "Eagle" brands in the United Kingdom. InShell Chemicals was founded. Shell Mex House was completed inand was the head office for Shell's marketing activity worldwide. Royal Dutch Company ranked 79th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.

The s saw Shell's Mexican assets seized by the local government. AroundShell was the first company to purchase and use a computer in the Netherlands. In Novemberfollowing a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reservesit was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchangea secondary listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchangeits headquarters and tax residency in The HagueNetherlands and its registered office in London.

The unification was completed on 20 July and the original owners delisted their companies from the respective exchanges. In February Shell and Cosan formed a The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields. A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in Januaryprior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in was 38 per cent lower than —the value of Shell's shares fell by 3 per cent as a result. On 7 JuneRoyal Dutch Shell announced that it would build an ethane cracker plant near PittsburghPennsylvania after spending several years doing environmental cleanup of the proposed plant's site.

In Mayit was reported that Shell plans to sell its shares in Canadian Natural Resources fully exiting the oil sands business. The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta.

Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups. On 15 Januaryoff the Argentinian town of Magdalena, Buenos Airesthe Shell tanker Estrella Pampeana collided with a German freighteremptying its contents into the lake, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals.

Shell joined the Global Climate Coalition of businesses opposed to greenhouse gas emission regulation. Shell is known to be processing oil from the Amazon region of South America, a large concern for environmentalists trying to protect the area. In the United States, the Martinez refinery CA and the Puget Sound Refinery WA carry Amazonian oil. Ina public information film unseen for years resurfaced and showed Shell had clear grasp of global warming 26 years earlier but has not acted accordingly since, said critics.

On 4 Augustthe board of directors announced the appointment of Jorma Ollilachairman and CEO of Nokia at the time, to succeed Aad Jacobs as the company's non-executive chairman on 1 June Ollila is the first Shell chairman to be neither Dutch nor British.

Other non-executive directors include Maarten van den BerghWim KokNina Henderson, Lord KerrAdelbert van Roxeand Christine Morin-Postel. Since 3 JanuaryBen van Beurden is CEO of Shell. The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area inthe younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region and commissioned the world's first purpose-built oil tankerthe Murex Latin for a type of snail shellto enter this market; by the company had a fleet.

Although for several decades the company had a refinery at Shell Haven on the Thames, there is no evidence of this having provided the name. The Shell logo is one of the most familiar commercial symbols in the world.

This logo is known as the " pecten " after the sea shell Pecten maximus the giant scallopon which its design is based.

The yellow and red colours used are thought [61] to relate to the colours of the flag of Spainas Shell built early service stations in California, previously a Spanish colony. The current revision of the logo was designed by Raymond Loewy in Shell is currently organised into four major business groupings: Shell's primary business is the management of a vertically integrated oil company.

The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil exploration through its harvesting productiontransportation, refining and finally trading and marketing established the core competencies on which the company was founded. Similar competencies were required for natural gas, which has become one of the most important businesses in which Shell is involved, and which contributes a significant proportion of the company's profits.

While the vertically integrated business model provided significant economies of scale and barriers to entryeach business now seeks to be a self-supporting unit without subsidies from other parts of the company. Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide especially in the downstream with companies in over countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence.

The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central offices in The Hague. The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the "exploration and production" sector. Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40, petrol stations and its various oil refineries. Shell has a long history of motorsport sponsorship, most notably Scuderia Ferrariand presentBRM andScuderia Toro Rosso andMcLaren andLotusTeam Penske —presentHyundai Motorsport sinceAF CorseRisi CompetizioneBMW Motorsport and Dick Johnson Racing - It will again become title sponsor for the latter now rebranded as DJR Team Penske in Shell began drilling for oil in Africa during the s.

Shell began production in Nigeria in In NigeriaShell told US diplomats that it had placed staff in all the main ministries of the government. In AprilShell announced its intention to divest from downstream business of all African countries except South Africa and Egypt to Vitol and "Helios". Shell denied rumours of the sellout. In Junethe company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested.

In Augustthe company disclosed it was in the process of finalizing the sale of its interests in four Nigerian oil fields. Shell has been active in Hong Kong for a century, providing Retail, LPG, Commercial Fuel, Lubricants, Bitumen, Aviation, Marine and Chemicals services and products.

Shell also sponsored the first Hong Kong-built aircraft, Inspiration', for its around-the-world trip. Shell discovered the first oil well in Malaysia inin MiriSarawak. Today the oil well is a state monument known as the Grand Old Lady.

Infollowing this discovery, Shell built Malaysia's first oil refinery and laid a submarine pipeline in Miri. Royal Dutch Shell operates in the Philippines under its subsidiary, Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation.

Its headquarters is in Makati City and it has facilities in the Pandacan oil depot and other key locations. On Januarythe Bureau of Customs claimed 7. This was a prelude to filing its IPO listing application with the Philippine Stock Exchange.

On 3 November the Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation was officially listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol SHLPH after they held its Initial Public Offering on 19 to 25 October of the same year. Shell has a strong presence in Singapore, indeed Singapore is the main centre for Shell's petrochemical operations in Asia Pacific region.

Shell Eastern Petroleum limited SEPL have their refinery located in Singapore's Pulau Bukom island. They also operate as Shell Chemicals Seraya in Jurong Island. Shell first started trading in Ireland in Its headquarters are on Leeson Street in Dublin. It was acquired in May In Shell disposed of its entire retail and commercial fuels business in Ireland to Topaz How do you earn money on millsberry com Group.

This included depots, company-owned petrol stations and supply agreements stations throughout the island of Ireland.

On 27 AugustRoyal Dutch Shell and Reitan Groupthe owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country.

In the UK sector of the North Sea Shell employs around 4, staff in Scotland as well as an additional 1, service contractors: Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running currency exchange rate krw to usd the American business.

On 20 MayRoyal Dutch Shell's final investment decision for the world's first floating liquefied natural gas FLNG facility was finalized following the discovery of the remote offshore Prelude field—located off Australia's northwestern coast and estimated to contain about 3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent reserves—in FLNG technology is based on liquefied natural gas LNG developments that were pioneered in the midth century and facilitates the exploitation of untapped natural gas reserves located in remote areas, often too small to extract any other way.

Following stock market lesson plan middle school decision by the Royal Dutch Shell fuel corporation to close its GeelongAustralia refinery in Aprila third consecutive annual loss was recorded for Shell's Australian refining and fuel marketing assets.

At the time of the sale, Royal Dutch Shell was expected to continue investment into the Australian market, with projects that involve Chevron Corp. Shell became a major shareholder in Woodside after a takeover attempt was blocked by then federal Treasurer Peter Costello and the corporation has been open about its intention to sell turkey stock exchange market capitalization stake in Woodside as part of its target to shed assets.

At a general body meeting, held on 1 August72 percent of shareholders voted to approve the buy-back, short of the 75 percent vote that was required for approval.

A statement from Shell read: Shell is reviewing its options in relation to its remaining In the early s Shell moved waitforexit c# exit code alternative energy and there is now an embryonic " Renewables " business that has made investments in solar powerwind powerhydrogenand forestry.

The forestry business went the way of nuclear, coal, metals and electricity generation, and was disposed of in In Option brokerage charges india paid SolarWorld to take over its entire solar business [] and inthe company withdrew from the London Array which has become the world's largest offshore wind farm.

Biggest Oil and Gas Deal in a Decade, Shell to buy BG Group

Shell also is involved in large-scale hydrogen projects. Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling inas Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the "Kulluk" incident at the end of the year.

As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 Januarythe Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island.

A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season. It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid, following the "Kulluk" incident and, in Februarythe corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast inand will instead prepare for future exploration. A June interview with Pickard indicated that, following a forensic analysis of the forex strategies trade trading beginner encountered in option arm mortgage calculator, Royal Dutch Shell will continue with the project and Pickard stated that she perceives the future of the corporation activity in the Arctic region as a long-term "marathon".

In other words, don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the legal environment to go forward. Don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the permit. No, I can't tell you that I'm going to have that permit until June, but we need to plan like we're going future traders salary have that permit in June. Based upon the interview with Pickard, Shell is approaching the project as an investment that will reap energy resources with a lifespan of around 30 years.

Shell has been criticised for its businesses in Africa, notably in relation to protests of the Ogoni in In the s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform would have been environmentally better.

A number of incidents over the years led to criticism of Shell's health and safety record, including repeated warnings by the UK Health and Safety Executive about the poor state of the company's North Sea platforms. In the beginning ofseveral human rights groups brought cases to hold Shell accountable for alleged human rights violations in Nigeria, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment and arbitrary put option scra and detention.

In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other leaders of the Ogoni tribe of southern Nigeria, who were hanged in by Nigeria's then military rulers. InShell was the subject of an Amnesty International report into the deterioration of human rights as a consequence of Shell's activities in the Niger Delta. In particular, Amnesty criticised the continuation of gas flaring and Shell's slow response to oil spills.

Ina leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration.

In Greenpeace activists painted "No Arctic Drilling" with spilled BP oil on the side of a ship in the Gulf of Mexico that was en route to explore for Arctic oil for Shell. At the protest, Phil Radford of Greenpeace called for "President Obama [to] ban all offshore oil drilling and call for an end to the use of oil in our cars by On 16 March52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordicamultipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska.

Greenpeace's " Save the Arctic " campaign aims to prevent oil drilling and industrial fishing in the Arctic by declaring the uninhabited area around the North Pole a global sanctuary.

A review was announced after the Kulluk oil rig ran aground near Kodiak Island in December In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling Americans' rights. In the video, the banners rise up automatically—activists controlled their appearance with the use of four top 10 forex brokers list car antennas—revealing the website URL, alongside an image that consists royal dutch shell share price in pounds half of a polar bear's head and half of the Shell logo.

Royal Dutch Shell then announced a "pause" in the timeline of the project in early [] and, asx options trading platform Septemberthe corporation announced the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic. A June interview with the corporation's new executive vice president of the Arctic indicated that Royal Dutch Shell will continue with its activity in the region.

In Seattle protests began in May in response to the news that the E-mini s&p 500 futures of Seattle made an agreement with Shell to berth rigs at the Port's Terminal 5 during the off-season of lancashire learning exploration in Alaskan waters.

The arrival of Shell's new Arctic drilling vessel, the Polar Pioneer IMO number: On 6 May it was reported that during a coast guard inspection of the Polar Pioneera piece of anti-pollution gear failed, resulting in fines and delay of the operation. ConocoPhillips and Statoil suspended Arctic drilling earlier, after Shell's failed attempt in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

It is not to be confused with Shell corporation. Headquarters in Video of trading binary options strategies and tactics download HagueNetherlands. Shell Oil Company and Shell Canada.

Companies portal Energy portal. Retrieved 10 July Retrieved 12 July Retrieved 29 January Retrieved 17 March Retrieved 21 March Royal Dutch Shell plc. Retrieved 30 August Retrieved 29 October Archived from the original on 24 July Archived from the original on 31 March Retrieved 9 April Retrieved 1 January Qatar eyes largest piece of Shell".

Retrieved 8 September A History of the International Chemical Industry. History Archived 11 October at the Wayback Machine. A Circular Stroll through the Hidden Connections of the English Language. The Politics of the Global Oil Industry: History of the Royal Dutch. GB SMBP Title: Shell-Mex and BP Archive Dates of Creation: The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis Harvard Business School p.

Archived from the original on 10 April Retrieved 21 April Cash bounty lures miners into risky empire-building". Retrieved 22 April Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij English turkey stock exchange market capitalization, Royal Dutch Petroleum Company to Withdraw its Ordinary Shares, par value 0.

Retrieved 22 August Retrieved 11 March Retrieved 17 May Retrieved 24 February Retrieved 8 April Retrieved 10 June forex purchase mumbai Shell's manifestly false claims about oil pollution exposed, again".

Retrieved 26 March Court acquits firm on most chargesUnited Kingdom: Retrieved 3 March Retrieved 22 January The Social, Environmental, and Climate Costs of Amazon Crude". Retrieved 27 March Retrieved 25 April Retrieved 11 April An interview with Shell's Ann Pickard". Retrieved 20 June Archived from the original on 13 July Retrieved 10 March Marcel Knobil, Author James CurtisSuperbrands Ltd.

ISBNp. Retrieved 6 October Petroleum Services Association of Canada. Petrol giant plans to update outlets in countries ready for next century".

Retrieved 9 December Archived from the original on 2 November Shell's grip on Nigerian state revealed".

Archived from the original on 11 April Retrieved 28 August Retrieved 28 July Retrieved 29 September Retrieved 9 August Archived from the original on 29 August Archived from the original on 17 May Retrieved 19 June Archived from the original on 1 August Retrieved 20 December Retrieved 8 August Hayes 13 December The New York Times.

Retrieved 27 February Capitol Information Group, Inc. Retrieved 3 August Retrieved 6 June Retrieved 18 August Archived from the original on 20 August Retrieved 14 December Retrieved 12 January Where Does BP Begin and Obama End? Retrieved 5 October Archived from the original PDF on 26 September Thomas Sims 12 April The market for virtue: The potential and limits of corporate social responsibility. Confidential memos, faxes, witness statements and other documents, released inshow the company regularly paid the military to stop the peaceful protest movement against the pollution [ YLE, 16 March Retrieved 24 October Retrieved 5 April Retrieved 9 June Retrieved 17 June A History of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company.

ISBN "Seven Sisters" by Anthony Sampson ISBN "Shell Shock: The secrets and spin of an Oil Giant" by Ian Cummins and John Beasant []. ISBN X Merrillees, Scott Portraits of a Capital Business data for Royal Dutch Shell plc: Hoover's Reuters SEC filings.

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